18 Mishpatim


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09 February 2002 Parashot Index 27 Shevat 5762

~yjpvm hvrp
Parashah Mishpatim
Mishpatim (Judgments)
Sh'mot (Exodus) 21:1-24:18)

Judgments for Governing a Covenant Community

This week's commentary
by Ariel ben-Lyman HaNaviy

This Week's Portions

Torah
Sh'mot (Exodus) 21:1-24:18

Haftarah
Yermeyahu (Jeremiah) 34:8-22; 33:25-26

B'rit Hadashah
Mattityahu (Matthew) 17:11-13
     
 

Torah

Sh'mot (Exodus) 21:1-24:18

Rishon [1st]

21:1"Now these are the ordinances which you shall set before them.

21:2If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years and in the seventh he shall go out free without paying anything. 21:3If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself. If he is married, then his wife shall go out with him. 21:4If his master gives him a wife and she bears him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master's, and he shall go out by himself. 21:5But if the servant shall plainly say, 'I love my master, my wife, and my children. I will not go out free;' 21:6then his master shall bring him to G-d, and shall bring him to the door or to the door-post, and his master shall bore his ear through with an awl, and he shall serve him for ever.

21:7"If a man sells his daughter to be a maid-servant, she shall not go out as the men-servants do. 21:8If she doesn't please her master, who has married her to himself, then he shall let her be redeemed. He shall have no right to sell her to a foreign people, seeing he has dealt deceitfully with her. 21:9If he marries her to his son, he shall deal with her after the manner of daughters. 21:10If he takes another wife to himself, he shall not diminish her food, her clothing, and her marital rights. 21:11If he doesn't do these three things for her, she may go free without paying any money.

21:12"One who strikes a man so that he dies shall surely be put to death, 21:13but not if it is unintentional, but G-d allows it to happen: then I will appoint you a place where he shall flee. 21:14If a man schemes and comes presumptuously on his neighbor to kill him, you shall take him from my altar, that he may die.

21:15"Anyone who attacks his father or his mother shall be surely put to death.

21:16"Anyone who kidnaps someone and sells him, or if he is found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

21:17"Anyone who curses his father or his mother shall surely be put to death.

21:18"If men quarrel and one strikes the other with a stone, or with his fist, and he doesn't die, but is confined to bed; 21:19if he rises again and walks around with his staff, then he who struck him shall be cleared: only he shall pay for the loss of his time, and shall provide for his healing until he is thoroughly healed.

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Sheni [2nd]

21:20"If a man strikes his servant or his maid with a rod, and he dies under his hand, he shall surely be punished. 21:21Notwithstanding, if he gets up after a day or two, he shall not be punished, for he is his property.

21:22"If men fight and hurt a pregnant woman so that she gives birth prematurely, and yet no harm follows, he shall be surely fined as much as the woman's husband demands and the judges allow. 21:23But if any harm follows, then you must take life for life, 21:24eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot, 21:25burning for burning, wound for wound, and bruise for bruise.

21:26"If a man strikes his servant's eye, or his maid's eye, and destroys it, he shall let him go free for his eye's sake. 21:27If he strikes out his man-servant's tooth, or his maid-servant's tooth, he shall let him go free for his tooth's sake.

21:28"If a bull gores a man or a woman to death, the bull shall surely be stoned, and its flesh shall not be eaten; but the owner of the bull shall not be held responsible. 21:29But if the bull had a habit of goring in the past, and it has been testified to its owner, and he has not kept it in, but it has killed a man or a woman, the bull shall be stoned, and its owner shall also be put to death. 21:30If a ransom is laid on him, then he shall give for the redemption of his life whatever is laid on him. 21:31Whether it has gored a son or has gored a daughter, according to this judgment it shall be done to him. 21:32If the bull gores a man-servant or a maid-servant, thirty shekels of silver shall be given to their master, and the ox shall be stoned.

21:33"If a man opens a pit, or if a man digs a pit and doesn't cover it, and a bull or a donkey falls into it, 21:34the owner of the pit shall make it good. He shall give money to its owner, and the dead animal shall be his.

21:35"If one man's bull injures another's, so that it dies, then they shall sell the live bull, and divide its price; and they shall also divide the dead animal. 21:36Or if it is known that the bull was in the habit of goring in the past, and its owner has not kept it in, he shall surely pay bull for bull, and the dead animal shall be his own.

22:1(21:37 $¹nt)"If a man steals an ox or a sheep, and kills it, or sells it; he shall pay five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep.

22:2(1 $¹nt)If the thief is found breaking in, and is struck so that he dies, there shall be no guilt of bloodshed for him. 22:3(2)If the sun has risen on him, there shall be guilt of bloodshed for him; he shall make restitution. If he has nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft. 22:4(3)If the stolen property is found in his hand alive, whether it is ox, donkey, or sheep, he shall pay double.

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Shlishi [3rd]

22:5(4 $¹nt)"If a man causes a field or vineyard to be eaten, and lets his animal loose, and it grazes in another man's field, he shall make restitution from the best of his own field, and from the best of his own vineyard.

22:6(5 $¹nt)"If fire breaks out, and catches in thorns so that the shocks of grain, or the standing grain, or the field are consumed; he who kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.

22:7(6 $¹nt)"If a man delivers to his neighbor money or stuff to keep, and it is stolen out of the man's house; if the thief is found, he shall pay double. 22:8(7)If the thief isn't found, then the master of the house shall come near to G-d, to find out if he hasn't put his hand to his neighbor's goods. 22:9(8)For every matter of trespass, whether it be for ox, for donkey, for sheep, for clothing, or for any kind of lost thing, about which one says, 'This is mine,' the cause of both parties shall come before G-d. He whom G-d condemns shall pay double to his neighbor.

22:10(9 $¹nt)"If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it; 22:11(10)the oath of the LORD shall be between them both, whether he hasn't put his hand to his neighbor's goods; and the owner of it shall accept it, and he shall not make restitution. 22:12(11)But if it is stolen from him, he shall make restitution to the owner of it. 22:13(12)If it is torn in pieces, let him bring it for evidence. He shall not make good that which was torn.

22:14(13 $¹nt)"If a man borrows anything of his neighbor's, and it is injured, or dies, the owner of it not being with it, he shall surely make restitution. 22:15(14)If the owner of it is with it, he shall not make it good. If it is a leased thing, it came for its lease.

22:16(15 $¹nt)"If a man entices a virgin who isn't pledged to be married, and lies with her, he shall surely pay a dowry for her to be his wife. 22:17(16)If her father utterly refuses to give her to him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins.

22:18(17 $¹nt)"You shall not allow a sorceress to live.

22:19(18 $¹nt)"Whoever has sex with an animal shall surely be put to death.

22:20(19 $¹nt)"He who sacrifices to any G-d, except to the LORD only, shall be utterly destroyed.

22:21(20 $¹nt)"You shall not wrong an alien, neither shall you oppress him, for you were aliens in the land of Egypt.

22:22(21 $¹nt)"You shall not take advantage of any widow or fatherless child. 22:23(22)If you take advantage of them at all, and they cry at all to me, I will surely hear their cry; 22:24(23)and my wrath will grow hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.

22:25(24 $¹nt)"If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be to him as a creditor; neither shall you charge him interest. 22:26(25)If you take your neighbor's garment as collateral, you shall restore it to him before the sun goes down, 22:27(26)for that is his only covering, it is his garment for his skin. What would he sleep in? It will happen, when he cries to me, that I will hear, for I am gracious.

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R'vi'i [4th]

22:28(27 $¹nt)"You shall not blaspheme G-d, nor curse a ruler of your people.

22:29(28 $¹nt)"You shall not delay to offer from your harvest and from the outflow of your presses.

"You shall give the firstborn of your sons to me. 22:30(29)You shall do likewise with your oxen and with your sheep. Seven days it shall be with its mother, then on the eighth day you shall give it me.

22:31(30 $¹nt)"You shall be holy men to me, therefore you shall not eat any flesh that is torn by animals in the field. You shall cast it to the dogs.

23:1"You shall not spread a false report. Don't join your hand with the wicked to be a malicious witness. 23:2You shall not follow a crowd to do evil; neither shall you testify in court to side with a multitude to pervert justice; 23:3neither shall you favor a poor man in his cause.

23:4"If you meet your enemy's ox or his donkey going astray, you shall surely bring it back to him again. 23:5If you see the donkey of him who hates you fallen down under his burden, don't leave him, you shall surely help him with it.

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Chamishi [5th]

23:6"You shall not deny justice to your poor people in their lawsuits.

23:7"Keep far from a false charge, and don't kill the innocent and righteous: for I will not justify the wicked.

23:8You shall take no bribe, for a bribe blinds those who have sight and perverts the words of the righteous.

23:9"You shall not oppress an alien, for you know the heart of an alien, seeing you were aliens in the land of Egypt.

23:10"For six years you shall sow your land, and shall gather in its increase, 23:11but the seventh year you shall let it rest and lie fallow, that the poor of your people may eat; and what they leave the animal of the field shall eat. In like manner you shall deal with your vineyard and with your olive grove.

23:12"Six days you shall do your work, and on the seventh day you shall rest, that your ox and your donkey may have rest, and the son of your handmaid, and the alien may be refreshed.

23:13"Be careful to do all things that I have said to you; and don't invoke the name of other gods, neither let them be heard out of your mouth.

23:14"You shall observe a feast to me three times a year. 23:15You shall observe the feast of matzah. Seven days you shall eat matzah, as I commanded you, at the time appointed in the month Aviv (for in it you came out from Egypt), and no one shall appear before me empty. 23:16And the Chag-HaKatzir, the first fruits of your labors, which you sow in the field: and the Chag-HaKatzir, at the end of the year, when you gather in your labors out of the field. 23:17Three times in the year all your males shall appear before the Lord G-d.

23:18"You shall not offer the blood of my sacrifice with leavened bread, neither shall the fat of my feast remain all night until the morning. 23:19The first of the first fruits of your ground you shall bring into the house of the LORD your G-d.

"You shall not boil a kid in its mother's milk."

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Shishi [6th]

23:20"Behold, I send an angel before you, to keep you by the way, and to bring you into the place which I have prepared. 23:21Pay attention to him, and listen to his voice. Don't provoke him, for he will not pardon your disobedience, for my name is in him. 23:22But if you indeed listen to his voice, and do all that I speak, then I will be an enemy to your enemies, and an adversary to your adversaries. 23:23For my angel shall go before you, and bring you in to the Amori, the Chittite, the Perizzi, the Kana`ani, the Chivvi, and the Yevusi; and I will cut them off. 23:24You shall not bow down to their gods, nor serve them, nor follow their practices, but you shall utterly overthrow them and demolish their pillars. 23:25You shall serve the LORD your G-d, and he will bless your bread and your water, and I will take sickness away from your midst."

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Shvi'i [7th]

23:26No one will miscarry or be barren in your land. I will fulfill the number of your days. 23:27I will send my terror before you, and will confuse all the people to whom you come, and I will make all your enemies turn their backs to you. 23:28I will send the hornet before you, which will drive out the Chivvi, the Kana`ani, and the Chittite, from before you. 23:29I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate, and the animals of the field multiply against you. 23:30Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased and inherit the land. 23:31I will set your border from the Sea of Suf even to the sea of the Pelishtim, and from the wilderness to the River; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you shall drive them out before you. 23:32You shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. 23:33They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me, for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you."

24:1He said to Moshe, "Come up to the LORD, you, and Aharon, Nadav, and Avihu, and seventy of the elders of Yisra'el; and worship from a distance. 24:2Moshe alone shall come near to the LORD, but they shall not come near, neither shall the people go up with him."

24:3Moshe came and told the people all the words of the LORD, and all the ordinances; and all the people answered with one voice, and said, "All the words which the LORD has spoken will we do."

24:4Moshe wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up early in the morning, and built an altar under the mountain, and twelve pillars for the twelve tribes of Yisra'el. 24:5He sent young men of the children of Yisra'el, who offered burnt offerings and sacrificed peace-offerings of oxen to the LORD. 24:6Moshe took half of the blood and put it in basins, and half of the blood he sprinkled on the altar. 24:7He took the book of the covenant and read it in the hearing of the people, and they said, "All that the LORD has spoken will we do, and be obedient."

24:8Moshe took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, "Look, this is the blood of the covenant, which the LORD has made with you concerning all these words."

24:9Then Moshe, Aharon, Nadav, Avihu, and seventy of the elders of Yisra'el went up. 24:10They saw the G-d of Yisra'el. Under his feet was like a paved work of sappir stone, like the skies for clearness. 24:11He didn't lay his hand on the nobles of the children of Yisra'el. They saw G-d, and ate and drank.

24:12The LORD said to Moshe, "Come up to me on the mountain, and stay here, and I will give you the tables of stone with the law and the commands that I have written, that you may teach them."

24:13Moshe rose up with Yehoshua, his servant, and Moshe went up onto G-d's Mountain. 24:14He said to the elders, "Wait here for us, until we come again to you. Behold, Aharon and Chur are with you. Whoever is involved in a dispute can go to them."

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Maftir [Concluding]

24:15Moshe went up on the mountain, and the cloud covered the mountain. 24:16The glory of the LORD settled on Mount Sinai, and the cloud covered it six days. The seventh day he called to Moshe out of the midst of the cloud. 24:17The appearance of the glory of the LORD was like devouring fire on the top of the mountain in the eyes of the children of Yisra'el. 24:18Moshe entered into the midst of the cloud, and went up on the mountain; and Moshe was on the mountain forty days and forty nights.

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Haftarah
Yirmeyahu [Jeremiah] 33:25-26

33:25Thus says ADONAI: If my covenant of day and night fails, if I have not appointed the ordinances of heaven and earth; 33:26then will I also cast away the seed of Ya`akov, and of David my servant, so that I will not take of his seed to be rulers over the seed of Avraham, Yitzchak, and Ya`akov: for I will cause their captivity to return, and will have mercy on them.

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B'rit Chadashah
Mattityahu [Matthew] 17:11-13

17:11Yeshua answered them, "Eliyahu indeed comes first, and will restore all things, 17:12but I tell you that Eliyahu has come already, and they didn't recognize him, but did to him whatever they wanted to. Even so the Son of Man will also suffer by them." 17:13Then the talmidim understood that he spoke to them of Yochanan the immerser.

 

Additional B'rit Chadashah readings:

Mattityahu 5:38-42; 15:1-20

5:38"You have heard that it was said, 'An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.' 5:39But I tell you, don't resist him who is evil; but whoever strikes you on your right cheek, turn to him the other also. 5:40If anyone sues you to take away your coat, let him have your cloak also. 5:41Whoever compels you to go one mile, go with him two. 5:42Give to him who asks you, and don't turn away him who desires to borrow from you.

15:1Then Perushim and scribes came to Yeshua from Yerushalayim, saying, 15:2"Why do your talmidim disobey the tradition of the elders? For they don't wash their hands when they eat bread."

15:3He answered them, "Why do you also disobey the mitzvah of G-d because of your tradition? 15:4For G-d commanded, 'Honor your father and your mother,' and, 'He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.' 15:5But you say, 'Whoever may tell his father or his mother, "Whatever help you might otherwise have gotten from me is a gift devoted to G-d," 15:6he shall not honor his father or mother.' You have made the mitzvah of G-d void because of your tradition. 15:7You hypocrites! Well did Yesha`yahu prophesy of you, saying,

 15:8'These people draw near to me with their mouth,
      And honor me with their lips;
      But their heart is far from me.

 15:9And in vain do they worship me,
      Teaching as doctrine rules made by men.'"

15:10He summoned the multitude, and said to them, "Hear, and understand. 15:11That which enters into the mouth doesn't defile the man; but that which proceeds out of the mouth, this defiles the man."

15:12Then the talmidim came, and said to him, "Do you know that the Perushim were offended, when they heard this saying?"

15:13But he answered, "Every plant which my heavenly Father didn't plant will be uprooted. 15:14Leave them alone. They are blind guides of the blind. If the blind guide the blind, both will fall into a pit."

15:15Kefa answered him, "Explain the parable to us."

15:16So Yeshua said, "Do you also still not understand? 15:17Don't you understand that whatever goes into the mouth passes into the belly, and then out of the body? 15:18But the things which proceed out of the mouth come out of the heart, and they defile the man. 15:19For out of the heart come forth evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, sexual sins, thefts, false testimony, and blasphemies. 15:20These are the things which defile the man; but to eat with unwashed hands doesn't defile the man."

 

Markos 7:1-23

7:1Then the Perushim, and some of the scribes gathered together to him, having come from Yerushalayim. 7:2Now when they saw some of his talmidim eating bread with defiled, that is, unwashed, hands, they found fault. 7:3(For the Perushim, and all the Yehudim, don't eat unless they wash their hands and forearms, holding to the tradition of the elders. 7:4They don't eat when they come from the marketplace, unless they bathe themselves, and there are many other things, which they have received to hold to: washings of cups, pitchers, bronze vessels, and couches.) 7:5The Perushim and the scribes asked him, "Why don't your talmidim walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat their bread with unwashed hands?"

7:6He answered them, "Well did Yesha`yahu prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written,

 'This people honors me with their lips,
      But their heart is far from me.

 7:7But in vain do they worship me,
      Teaching as doctrines the mitzvot of men.'

7:8"For you set aside the mitzvah of G-d, and hold tightly to the tradition of men--the washing of pitchers and cups, and you do many other such things." 7:9He said to them, "Full well do you reject the mitzvah of G-d, that you may keep your tradition. 7:10For Moshe said, 'Honor your father and your mother;' and, 'He who speaks evil of father or mother, let him be put to death.' 7:11But you say, 'If a man tells his father or his mother, "Whatever profit you might have received from me is Corban, that is to say, given to G-d;"' 7:12then you no longer allow him to do anything for his father or his mother, 7:13making void the word of G-d by your tradition, which you have handed down. You do many things like this."

7:14He called all the multitude to himself, and said to them, "Hear me, all of you, and understand. 7:15There is nothing from outside of the man, that going into him can defile him; but the things which proceed out of the man are those that defile the man. 7:16If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear!"

7:17When he had entered into a house away from the multitude, his talmidim asked him about the parable. 7:18He said to them, "Are you thus without understanding also? Don't you perceive that whatever goes into the man from outside can't defile him, 7:19because it doesn't go into his heart, but into his stomach, then into the latrine, thus making all foods clean?" 7:20He said, "That which proceeds out of the man, that defiles the man. 7:21For from within, out of the hearts of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, sexual sins, murders, thefts, 7:22covetings, wickedness, deceit, lustful desires, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, and foolishness. 7:23All these evil things come from within, and defile the man."

 

Acts 23:1-11

23:1Sha'ul, looking steadfastly at the council, said, "Brothers, I have lived before G-d in all good conscience until this day."

23:2The kohen gadol, Chananyah, commanded those who stood by him to strike him on the mouth.

23:3Then Sha'ul said to him, "God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! Do you sit to judge me according to the law, and command me to be struck contrary to the law?"

23:4Those who stood by said, "Do you malign G-d's kohen gadol?"

23:5Sha'ul said, "I didn't know, brothers, that he was kohen gadol. For it is written, 'You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people.'" 23:6But when Sha'ul perceived that the one part were Tzedukim and the other Perushim, he cried out in the council, "Men and brothers, I am a Parush, a son of Perushim. Concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead I am being judged!"

23:7When he had said this, an argument arose between the Perushim and Tzedukim, and the assembly was divided. 23:8For the Tzedukim say that there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit; but the Perushim confess all of these. 23:9A great clamor arose, and some of the scribes of the Perushim part stood up, and contended, saying, "We find no evil in this man. But if a spirit or angel has spoken to him, let's not fight against G-d!"

23:10When a great argument arose, the commanding officer, fearing that Sha'ul would be torn in pieces by them, commanded the soldiers to go down and take him by force from among them, and bring him into the barracks.

23:11The following night, the Lord stood by him, and said, "Cheer up, Sha'ul, for as you have testified about me at Yerushalayim, so you must testify also at Rome."

 

Messianic Jews 9:15-22; 10:28-39

9:15For this reason he is the mediator of a new covenant, since a death has occurred for the redemption of the transgressions that were under the first covenant, that those who have been called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance. 9:16For where a last will and testament is, there must of necessity be the death of him who made it. 9:17For a will is in force where there has been death, for it is never in force while he who made it lives. 9:18Therefore even the first covenant has not been dedicated without blood. 9:19For when every mitzvah had been spoken by Moshe to all the people according to the law, he took the blood of the calves and the goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book itself and all the people, 9:20saying, "This is the blood of the covenant which G-d has commanded you."

9:21Moreover he sprinkled the tabernacle and all the vessels of the ministry in like manner with the blood. 9:22According to the law, nearly everything is cleansed with blood, and apart from shedding of blood there is no remission.

10:28A man who disregards Moshe#s law dies without compassion on the word of two or three witnesses. 10:29How much worse punishment, do you think, will he be judged worthy of, who has trodden under foot the Son of G-d, and has counted the blood of the covenant with which he was sanctified an unholy thing, and has insulted the Spirit of grace? 10:30For we know him who said, "Vengeance belongs to me," says the Lord, "I will repay." Again, "The Lord will judge his people." 10:31It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living G-d. 10:32But remember the former days, in which, after you were enlightened, you endured a great struggle with sufferings; 10:33partly, being exposed to both reproaches and oppressions; and partly, becoming partakers with those who were treated so. 10:34For you both had compassion on me in my chains, and joyfully accepted the plundering of your possessions, knowing that you have for yourselves a better possession and an enduring one in the heavens. 10:35Therefore don't throw away your boldness, which has a great reward. 10:36For you need endurance so that, having done the will of G-d, you may receive the promise.

 10:37"In a very little while,
      He who comes will come, and will not wait.

 10:38But the righteous will live by faith.
      If he shrinks back, my soul has no pleasure in him."

10:39But we are not of those who shrink back to destruction, but of those who have faith to the saving of the soul.

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