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A Glossary of
Hebraic Terms |
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T
t j
t’fillin — black leather boxes containing scrolls of
Scripture passages, also called phylacteries. Sometimes during prayers one box is affixed to one’s hand and arm
and the other to one’s forehead as a physical effort to obey the passage in Deuteronomy 6:8 (Exodus 13:1-16;
Deuteronomy 6:4-9; 11:13-21)
ta’am ha’elyon — the “upper” mode of cantilation of
the passage of the Ten Commandments
ta’anug — evil pleasure
ta’anugot — evil pleasures
ta’avah — evil desire/lust
ta’avot — lusts
Taanit — a section of the Talmud on Fasts … a fast day
aaanit chalom — a fast over a bad dream
taavah — lust
tachanun — a prayer of supplication
tacharut — competition
tachlis — purpose
tachrichim (alt. tachrichin) — burial shrouds
tachtiy — the depths (figuratively a pit, the womb) —
low (parts, -er, -er parts, -est), nether (part)
tag — ornamental flourish or “tittle”
taharah — ritual purification of the deceased in
preparation for burial … washing of the dead body
tahor — ritually pure or clean … able to enter the
Beit HaMikdash or Mishkan
takhrikhim — shrouds prescribed by Jewish law
takhmos — night-hawk
takif — influential man
Tal — (Dew) The prayer for dew (in Eretz Yisrael)
recited on first day of Passover
tallit — prayer shawl with ceremonial fringes on four
corners (alt. talit, talis)
tallit katan (alt. talit) — a small prayer shawl; a
special undershirt with four corners each bearing tzitziyot
talmid — disciple, student (fem.
talmidah; pl. talmidim); a true talmid does not only want to know what the teacher knows, he/she
wants to be what the teacher is.
talmid chacham — a scholar of the Torah
Talmud —
the two commentaries on the Mishnah, one produced in the Holy Land about AD 275, the other in Babylonia about AD
500; the designation for both the Mishnah and the commentaries on it (Gemara). The Talmud is the collected legal
and ethical discussions of the rabbis.
tam’ei — (alt. tameh, tameis, tamei) ritually impure
or unclean (specifically by virtue of contact with the dead), not able to enter the able to enter the Beit
HaMikdash or Mishkan
tamid — the daily sacrifice in the Sanctuary
tamim — faultless
Tammuz — tenth month on the Jewish civil calendar
tana — rabbi
in the Mishnaic period (pl. tannaim, alt. tana’im)
Tanakh (alt, Tanach, Tenach) —
the Hebrew Bible, consisting of Torah, Prophets, and Writings … an acronym formed
from the initial letters of the Hebrew Torah, Nevi’im (Prophets), and
Ketuvim
(Writings)
tanshemet — horned
owl
Targum — (Translation) Traditionally the name given
the Aramaic translation of the Bible, read to the populace in Babylonian periods. The custom of reading services
in Aramaic following the Hebrew goes back to hundreds of years before the great diaspora. Except for some
interpolations and paraphrases, the Targum Bavli, also known as the Targum Onkelos, is a very faithful
translation. Less faithful to the text are the Targum Yerushalmi and others of fragmentary character (pl. Targumim)
tarnegol — cock
Tashlich — traditional Rosh haShanah afternoon
ceremony in which individuals symbolically cast their sins (crumbs) into a body of water … the casting away of sin
tata — papa
tav — mark
tavnit — pattern; copy
techinnah — petition; supplication
techiyah — resurrection
tefillah —
(alt. tefilah) lit. prayer; also refers to the central group of prayers in each service, alternatively called the
Amidah or Shemoneh Esre (pl. tefillos, tefillot)
Tefillah Zakah — (alt. Tefilah) “a prayer of purity”
recited upon the advent of Yom Kippur before Kol Nidrey
tefillin — (alt. tefilin) black square leather boxes
containing parchments with sections of the Torah (Shma etc.). Jewish men are obligated to wear them the forehead
and arm during prayers every morning. (Of course if one sees the sunrise 45 times a day as an astronaut might,
this may create problems.)
Tehillim — Psalms
tehom — abyss
tehom gedolah — a great abyss; chasm
tehorah — pure
tehorim — clean
Teki’ah — a shofar sound
tekufa — era; period
Tekufah — one of the four seasons of the year (pl.
Tekufot)
tekumah — revival
telos — the point aimed at as a limit, i.e. (by
implication) the conclusion of an act or state (termination, result, purpose); specifically an impost or levy (as
paid) — continual, custom, end (-ing), finally, uttermost
telunnah — murmuring
tema’im — unclean
temarim — palms
Tenakh (alt. Tanach, Tenach) —
Tanakh
teretz — excuse
Teruah — an awakening blast on the Shofar
terumah — contribution
terumah haissa — portion; offering of the dough
terutz — excuse
teshukot — desires
teshuvah
— (alt. teshuva) lit. turning or returning; repentance … repentance from sin, spiritual reawakening … desire to
strengthen the connection between oneself and the sacred … turning toward G‑d
Tetragrammaton — the four Hebrew letters hwhy usually
transliterated YHWH or YHVH that form a biblical proper name of G‑d
Tetzaveh — a portion in the Book of Exodus
teva — ark
teva — nature
tevel — world
Tevet — fourth month of the Jewish year
tevilah — lit. immersion … immersing in a ritual bath.
Therapeutae — sternly ascetic Jewish party whose views
and practices were kindred to the Essenes in Palestine
tevunah — wisdom
tief — deep and profound; erudite; keen
tiferet — splendor; beauty
tihur — purification
tikkun — restoration; repair
Tikkun Chatzot — (alt. Tikun) a prayer of lamentation
over the destruction of the Sanctuary, recited at midnight
Tikkun Leil Shavuot — (alt. Tikun) lit. service of the
night of
Shavuot
tikkun olam (alt. tikun) — repairing our broken world
Tikkun Soferim (alt. Tikun) (alt. Sofrim) — the set of
rules for the writing of a Torah Scroll
tikvah — hope
tikvateinu — our hope
timtum halev — hardening of the heart
tipesh — idiot
tipshus — foolery
tipus — type; pattern
tish — table
Tishah Be’av — The ninth day of the month of Av; a day of mourning for the destruction of the ancient Temple in
Jerusalem
tishen — tables
Tishri (alt. Tishrei) (Ethanim) — first month of the
Hebrew civil calendar (September-October)
Titkabel — a verse in the kadish, “Let the prayers of
Israel be accepted.”
tizkoret — reminder
to’evah — abomination
tochnit — master plan
todah — thanks, thank you, the thanksgiving offering
in the Sanctuary
toeva — abomination
tohorah — purification
tohorat mishpakhah — family purity
tohu vavohu — disorder; chaos
tohuw — to lie waste; a desolation (of surface), i.e.
desert; figuratively a worthless thing; in vain — confusion, empty place, without form, nothing, (thing of) nought,
vain, vanity, waste, wilderness
toitzaa — outcome
tokhechah — reproof
toldah — (alt. towledah) descent, i.e. family;
(figuratively) history — birth, generations
toldot — genealogies
Torah — teaching or instruction, but usually erroneously translated “law” … the instruction of G‑d.
In its most narrow sense, the Five Books of Moshe (Moses), the Pentateuch — B’resheet (Genesis), Sh’mot (Exodus),
Vayikra (Leviticus), B’midbar (Numbers), D’varim (Deuteronomy), called the “Written Torah” and hand-written on a
parchment scroll.
The Torah plus the Prophets (Nevi’im) and Writings (K’tuvim) are together called the TaNaKh (TNK), Tenach (alt.
Tanach, Tanakh, Tenakh), the Hebrew Bible, or the so-called “Old Testament.”
In a broad sense, the whole written Word of G‑d is the Torah, including both the Tanakh and the B’rit Chadashah
(New Testament).
In its broadest sense, “Torah” is all of Judaism, which flows from those Books.
Additional material called the “Oral Torah” is considered in varying degrees as authoritative in traditional
Judaism. Uncapitalized, the work can be understood as “principle.”
Torah-observant
— walking in yielded obedience to the teaching of the Scriptures; in traditional Judaism this includes obeying the
complex instructions of the Talmud as well.
torud — completely absorbed and involved
Tosefta (alt. Tocefta) — (Supplement) Anthology of
tannaitic text parallel to Mishnah, but outside Mishnaic canon, and more expansive. Rabbi Nehemiah, second
century, began the work; in the third century it was continued by Hiyya ben Abba and Oshaiah
tous ritztzuy — reconciliation
tov — good
tov l’teshuva — fruit worthy of repentance
tovim — good ones
tovot — good things
toyus — error
treif — (alt. trefah) lit. torn apart; food that is
not ritually fit … the opposite of kosher
trombeniks — gluttons
Tru’ah — a shofar sound
Trumah — a heave offering, contribution … the seventh
portion in the Book of Exodus
Trumpets, Feast of — the modern
Rosh Ha-Shanah,
the first day of Tishri, the seventh month of the Jewish calendar, celebrated (unbiblically) as the Jewish New
Year
tsaphoon — hidden
tsemach xmc — branch
tshuka — yearning
tsur — rock
Tu Bishvat — fifteenth day of the month of Shevat; a
minor holiday known as the New Year of the Trees, observed by planting trees
tugah — sadness
tum’a — uncleanness; impurity
tza’ar — pain and suffering
tzad — side
tzaddik — righteous man
Tzaddik (alt. Tzadik) — Chasidic sages were so called;
they were often raised by their followers to the status of direct intermediaries with G‑d, super-human miracle
workers … a just man, righteous, upright (pl. Tzaddikim, alt. Tzadikim)
tzaddikim — righteous ones
tzafon — north
Tzafun — the phase of the Seder ceremony in which the
hidden afikoman is eaten
tzar — narrow
tzarah — trouble
Tzarah Gedolah — Great Tribulation
tzarut ayin — envyings
tzavva’a — will
tzechok — laughter
tzedakah — contribution
tzedakah — (alt. tsedakah) lit. justice or
righteousness; the Hebrew word we use for charity and charitable acts
tzedek — righteousness
Tzedokim
— (alt. Tzedukim) Sadducees — Religio-political sect of Judaism in the late Second Temple period that focused on
priestly functions and the sacrificial system … their views and practices were opposed to those of the Pharisees.
They denied the authority of oral tradition, the resurrection of the dead, and the existence of angels.
tzelamim — idols
tzelem — image
tzevi’ut — hypocrisy
tzevua — (pl. tzevuim) hypocrite
tzfarde’im — frogs
tzidkat — righteousness
Tzidkatcha Tzedek — verses recited after the minchah
prayer on Shabbat
Tziduk Hadin — a prayer of accepting G‑d’s Judgment
tzitzis — (alt. tzitzit) ceremonially knotted fringes
to be worn on all four-cornered garments (pl. Tzitziyot)
tzive’ot zarim — armies of the aliens
tziveot haparashim — troops of cavalry-men
tznius — modesty
tzom; tzomot — fast; fastings
tzon — flock
tzorich iyun — unresolved puzzlement
tzoros — troubles
tzufloigen — dazed
tzufriedenkait — contentment
tzushtel — comparison
Use this
“Jump Bar” to directly to any letter of the AlephBet
A B C D
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I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
U V W X
Y Z Appendix
Pronunciation [More]
   
http://familybible.org/Glossary/T.htm
Page last revised on
Thursday, September 11, 2008 |
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