U

V w

Va’era — the second portion in the Book of Exodus

Va’etchanan — the second portion in the Book of Deuteronomy

Vav — Hebrew letter w

Vayechal — a paragraph from Exodus chapter 32 and 34 read on a public fast

Vayelech — a portion in the Book of Deuteronomy

Vayechi — the last portion in the Book of Genesis

Ve’ahavta — lit. “and you shall love” … the prayer from Deuteronomy 6:5-9, that obligates Jews to love G‑d and to teach Judaism to future generations; part of the Shema

Velamalshinim — a passage relating to slanderers and informers, prescribed as a nineteenth brachah added to the eighteen benedictions of the amidah prayer

Vezot Habrachah — the last portion in the Torah

vidui — confession

Vilna Gaon — One of the most prominent figures in the Torah world of recent centuries, his erudition covering (in addition to the natural sciences and mathematics) the entire field of Torah scholarship, on which he wrote some 70 works. Despite his extreme seclusion — his ascetic assiduity has become proverbial — he exerted a powerful influence on Jewish affairs. Since his time, the Yiddish term Litvak (“Lithuanian”) has come to stand for a scholarly and hard-core misnaged espousing the closely definable world-view whose prime ideologist and ideal personality is the Gaon.

W w

Wayiqra — Leviticus

See under “V”

Y  y

Ya’aleh Veyavo — a passage added to the amidah prayer and to the Grace after the Meal on Festivals and New Moons when additional sacrifices were offered in the Sanctuary

yachatz — the breaking of the middle matzah of the ceremonial matzot during a Passover seder … one of the fifteen phases of the Seder ceremony

yad — hand

Yahadut — Judaism

Yahrzeit — a day of memorial

Yahweh — YHVH or YHWH … the Tetragrammatron … the four Hebrew letters hwhy usually transliterated YHWH or YHVH that form the proper Name of HaShem (insofar as it can be said that HaShem has a proper Name) … incorrectly translated in many English Bibles as “Jehovah” which is grammatically impossible to say in the Hebrew language … as nearly as the word can be translated into English, it means “I Am” … it was by this name that HaShem revealed himself to Moshe in the burning bush.

          Several times Yeshuah HaMashiach claimed to be “I Am” — thus either Yeshua is literally YHWH, the covenant G‑d of Avraham, Yitzhak, and Ya’akov, or He is a liar and a fraud.

yaldah — girl

yam — sea

yamim — days

yamim mikedem — earlier days

Yamin Noraim (alt. Yamim) — lit. Days of Awe; the ten-day period beginning with Rosh haShanah and ending with Yom Kippur

yanshuf — great owl

yare’ach — moon

yarmulke — (Yid.) kippa or kipah, a skullcap worn by Orthodox (and many other) Jews during prayer

yashar — (alt. yashir ) straight

yashar mishpat — righteous judgment

yashrus — justice

yatzdik — justify

yavam — husband’s brother upon whom devolved the duty of marrying the former’s widow if left without children … the brother-in-law

Yavneh — a city that became the location of an academy and a central focus for the Jews once the Romans destroyed Jerusalem

yayin — wine

ye’ush — despair

yebamah — under Biblical laws, childless widow who was commanded to marry late husband’s brother, so that a child might be named after the departed

yechidus — private meeting of the Rebbe with his Chassidim

Yehudi — Jew (pl. Yehudim)

yeled — child

yemach shemam – their name should be blotted out

yerida — to descend back; return

yerushah — inheritance

Yerushalayim — Jerusalem. The city of our G‑d, and covenantal capital of Eretz Yisra’el — the Land of Israel

yeshanot — old things

yeshivah — Torah academy (pl. yeshivot)

Yeshua — (alt. Yashua, Yahshua, Yoshua, Yehoshua) Literally means “G‑d saves” or “YHWH is my salvation.” Variants include Yahshua, Y’shua, Y’hoshua, and Y’hoshua. Because the Greek language has no equivalent of the Hebrew letters “yod” or “shin” and all masculine Greek names end in “s” the name was transliterated into Greek as “Iesous” in both the Septuagint and the Greek New Testament. When transliterated into English, the iota (“I”) became a “J” resulting in the spelling “Jesus.”

yeshuah — rescue; salvation; deliverance

yesod — foundation

yesodot — rudiments

yetomim — orphans

yetzer — impulse

yetzer ha’ra — impulse toward evil

yetzer ha’tov — impulse toward good

yetzurim — creatures

yetzurim hayam — creatures of the sea

Yevani — Greek (pl. Yevanim

yi’ud merosh — predestination

yichud — time spent alone together by the bride and groom immediately after the wedding ceremony … bridal chamber … room entered by bride and groom where the two, in the consummation of the marriage, become one

yichus — lineage

Yiddish — The language spoken by the Ashkenazi (Jews of European ancestry); it is a dialect of old German.

Yir’as Shomayim — Fear of Heaven

yirah — fear

Yirmeyahu — Jeremiah

yisurim — sufferings; torments

Yitro — the sixth portion in the Book of Exodus

Yizkor — (“May He remember”) Prayers for the departed, recited on Yom Kippur, Shemini Atzeret, last day of Passover, second day of Shavuot

yod — (alt. yud) tenth and smallest letter of the Hebrew aleph-bet

yold — fool

yom — day

Yom Habikkurim — The Day of First Fruits, barley harvest, the day from which we start counting the Omer 50 days to Shavuot (Pentecost)

Yom haDin — Literally: Day of Judgment; one of the names for Rosh haShanah

Yom haPeduth — The Day of Redemption

Yom haZikkaron — Literally: The Day of Remembrance; one of the names for Rosh haShanah

Yom Kippur — (alt. Kipur) The Day of Atonement; The Great Fast

Yom Kippur Katan (alt. Kipur) — the eve of a New Moon, a “little” Day of Atonement

Yom Teruah (Rosh haShanah) — The Day of the Awakening Blast; The Feast of Trumpets

Yom Tov— a Festival Day, holiday (pl. Yamim Tovim)

yom yom — daily

Yoma — a tractate of the Mishnah on Yom Kippur

yoma arichta — one “long” day, two days considered as one

yonah — dove (pl. yonim)

yoreh — first Autumn rain

yoreshim — heirs

yoshen — oldness

yosher — rectitude

Yotzer — Creator

Yotzer Ha’Adam — Hebrew for “Creator of Man.” It is the 2nd of the 7 blessings that are recited at the end of a wedding feast (see the Complete Art Scroll Siddur P.206)

Yotzrot — liturgical poems added to the shacharit prayer

Yovel — a Jubilee year at the end of a fifty year cycle

Yud — (alt. Yod) The 10th and smallest letter in the Hebrew alphabet (aleph-bet).

yunge Leit — young people

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Page last revised on Friday, October 24, 2008

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